When the Van Eyck brothers developed oil painting during the Northern Renaissance, they and other artists quickly recognised the qualities which egg tempera didn't have - including the ability to 'glaze' with thin layers to make a piece glow. Also, their work is durable and still existing quite happily.
Or because of flexibility, probably. it dries slower than tempera. I am guessing, but believe watercolor was not really considered a serious medium until recently (past 100 years or so) Like drawing, it was just something you did before beginning the real artwork.