I'll shorten it down, since an Art History Professor would find it frustrating to be limited to the space that Y!A uses.
European art and Oriental art have many different definitions that make them different. Being broad really doesn't cover it, since different time periods did different things, had different trend, etc., but in general, you can see some differences.
In the West, there has always been a focus on the body. It has started from the Greeks, who worship theirs, and the Greeks are one of the bases for European society today. They made artworks that tried to capture the beauty that was the human form, a tradition carried by the Romans. The Romans spread their culture throughout Europe, and thus the Europeans have Roman influences all over.
This can be seen in that all throughout time, each detail of the body has been carefully sculpted or painted, the latter more common in the more recent years. That's why the bodies of many of the famous Western sculptures are close enough to believe they could be real humans in a difference, if it weren't for a different size, color, and fixed expression.
Asian art has some of the same. Animal sculptures are very detailed, but they had less emphasis on physical beauty in the same way as the Romans and Greeks, so they have less sculptures on the human form. There are some, like those soldier ones in China, that are accurately presenting the human form, but it's not as fundamental in their societies.
Also, the mediums used were different. The tools used in the Orient were not those used in Europe, so different colors and styles emerged. Japanese art, for example, was more limited to scrolls, versus traditional Italians who had canvases.
There is also prospective, which has penetrated the Orient but it originated from the Renaissance, mostly. It's the idea that the paintings can seem 3-D when they are on a 2-D surface. Basically, it was the idea that a painting could be a photograph, before they were even invented. The Orient didn't have this in their tradition, but adopted it to enhance their art.
It could go deeper, but I think I'll stop here. I'd just look at the styles and artworks and see for yourself.
