In The Sick Child, a girl is propped up against a large pillow, which is propped up against the headboard of what seems like a small bed. The pillow mostly hides a mirror on the wall. The child has obviously been suffering. She is thin and pale, and her red hair is lank. She is propped up to help her breathe.

Munch also created at least one headshot of the girl and it seems that her hair is not only thin, but the hair around her brow has fallen out because of her illness. In the larger paintings, she is also dressed in funereal black. Beside her kneels a woman, also in black. Her black hair is in a bun and her head is bowed in either intense prayer, grief, or both. One of her hands holds the sick child's hand. Critics mostly agree that the sick child is Sophie, and the grieving woman is her aunt Karen.

The child does not look at the woman beside her but stares at the curtain on the right side of the frame. She is stricken with the kind of exhaustion that comes from long and unrelieved pain. For some critics, the curtain, which presumably covers a window, represents the escape of her upcoming death.

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